Urban Influence on Costs of Production in the Corn Belt

This article determines the relative technical efficiency of rural- and urban-influenced crop/livestock enterprises in the Corn Belt. Farmers in urban-influenced locations are less technically efficient than farmers in rural locations. During 1998–2000, stochastic production frontier procedures indicate that a 10% increase in urban influence leads to a close to 4% decrease in technical efficiency. The most successful urban-influenced farms have controlled costs as effectively as rural farms. They have tended to de-emphasize that nondairy livestock activities—particularly beef and hogs—do not rely extensively on off-farm income, and have relatively large, less residential/lifestyle operations compared to less successful urban-influenced farmers. However, our statistical analysis clearly bears out the refrain in popular literature that urban proximity raises the cost for, and decreases the viability of, traditional farms.     

数据包络分析有效性理论的一点探索

文章给出经典的基于输入的和基于输出的数据包络分析(DEA)模型,以及把基于输入和基于输出的模型相结合的相对效率模型,并且把这些模型引用到评价证券的相对有效性上,以风险作为输入,期望收益率作为输出,便可以用DEA模型评价每只证券的相对有效性.     

Analysing Materials and Energy Flows in an Industrial District using an Enterprise Input–Output Model

Recent approaches to sustainable development leave much room for policies at a local level. In fact, it is becoming evident that targets such as increasing resource productivity, preserving natural cycles, or extending the present level of welfare, are best pursued within the confines of a local area. In particular, environmental changes are best brought about by considering local systems of firms as cornerstones of cooperative strategies and using data on materials and energy use in physical terms. In this paper, an enterprise input–output model is developed for an industrial district, i.e. a local group of firms specialized in the production of a single final output. The model allows for a detailed quantitative analysis of materials and energy flows and the consequent generation of waste and pollution. As a planning tool, the model may be used to evaluate alternative scenarios, such as the possibility of re- using waste taking account of sustainability requirements. An empirical case study applies the model to an industrial district in Southern Italy producing leather sofas.     

经济增长、要素投入与发展战略选择——对我国经济增长的长期机制的实证分析

中国经济增长的长期机制问题一直以来都是理论界研究的热点问题。文章通过对1953—2004年与经济增长相关因素的统计数据的回归分析,并结合其他学者的研究成果,认为支撑我国经济增长的长期动力主要来自于要素投入,而要素投入的效果却与经济发展战略制定的一些非经济因素有关。     

Input- and Output-Oriented Technical Efficiency of Ukrainian Collective Farms, 1989–1992: Bayesian Analysis of a Stochastic Production Frontier Model

We propose estimation of a stochastic production frontier model within a Bayesian framework to obtain the posterior distribution of single-input-oriented technical efficiency at the firm level. All computations are carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The approach is illustrated by applying it to production data obtained from a survey of Ukrainian collective farms. We show that looking at the changes in single-input-oriented technical efficiency in addition to the changes in output-oriented technical efficiency improves the understanding of the dynamics of technical efficiency over the first years of transition in the former Soviet Union.     

建立突发性公共事务财政投入体系的对策研究

突发性公共事务的财政投入体系是防范和化解公共事务危害的最后一道防线。针对我国公共财政的实际情况,建立突发性公共事务财政投入体系的对策应包括:实现突发性公共事务财政投入形式的多样化及预备费的基金式管理,加大事前预防性财政投入的比例,编制突发性公共事务预算,并遵循预算编制和执行的原则,以实现提高我国政府管理突发性公共事务水平的目标。     

课堂环境中加大口语语言输入的效果研究

如何有效地提高学生口语能力是大学英语教学中重要课题。本实验以非英语专业学生为研究对象,在有限的课堂教学时间内通过加大口语语言素材的输入,提高学生的口语交际能力,以寻求一种有效的教学模式。     

技术竞争导向下的创新投入与企业成长性——来自科技型中小微企业的调查数据

基于我国科技型中小微企业的调查问卷数据,本文研究了创新投入与企业成长的关系和作用机理,并探讨了内外部创新环境对二者关系的异质性影响.研究结果表明,创新投入与科技型中小微企业成长性正相关;进一步研究发现,提高竞争优势和降低外部融资约束是创新投入影响科技型中小微企业成长性的中介路径;内部知识吸收和外部创新共享具有调节效应,均对创新投入与科技型中小微企业成长性的正向关系具有促进作用.本文的研究为我国创新战略实施与企业投资决策优化提供了经验证据和决策参考.     

基于哈肯模型的高技术产业化过程机制研究

运用自组织理论和方法,在哈肯模型的基础上建立了高技术产业化过程的演化方程,并以北京、天津、上海、河北等29个省市为样本进行了定量化的实证研究。结果表明,研究开发投入强度是高技术产业化过程中的序参量,从而得出要依靠研究开发投入与高科技成果转化的协同作用促进高技术产业快速发展这一结论。     

基于投入产出与解释结构建模法相结合的产业关联及层次识别建模

将投入产出方法与解释结构建模相结合,取长补短,提出了基于这两种方法相结合的产业关联层次识别的分析方法,并呈现了该方法的算法步骤、识别层次结果的基本特性以及其与以往产业关联分析方法的比较优势.最后以经统一调整的1997及2002年投入产出表为基础,对我国国民经济产业关联的层次识别进行实证分析,经对识别结果的跨期对比分析,证明该识别方法的解释效果良好.